Un pouvoir d'achat à toute épreuve
Selon une étude Deloitte, les ménages disposeraient d’un pouvoir d’achat renforcé par la vague de revalorisations salariales en 2017. Certaines disparités ternissent toutefois le paysage.
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Si les derniers chiffres de l'INSEE ont souligné un recul du pouvoir d'achat des ménages de 0,6% depuis le début de l'année, la dernière étude sur les rémunérations des salariés français en 2018 du cabinet d’audit et de conseil Deloitte apporte des nouvelles plutôt rassurantes pour la suite.D'après une enquête portant sur un panel de 400 entreprises, le pronostic d’un marché de l’emploi bien portant ne fait que se concrétiser, porté par la progression du niveau des salaires, et une hausse mécanique du pouvoir d’achat.
De surcroît, l’augmentation promise par le gouvernement du taux de la CSG déductible (+1,7 point), conjuguée à la suppression de la cotisation salariale d’assurance maladie et la baisse des cotisations salariales d’assurance chômage, devraient conforter les ménages dans leur épargne et leur consommation. Les augmentations de salaires pour les cadres en 2017 ne sont pas pour autant flamboyantes : 2,5%, contre 2,2% en ce qui concerne les non-cadres. Dans un même temps, la relative faiblesse de l’inflation – qui avoisine les 1,03% – gonfle le pouvoir d’achat des ménages français.
L'étude montre une baisse de 2 points des revalorisations variables, telles que les commissions. En revanche le montant des bonus ne cesse de grimper jusqu’à atteindre 28% de la valeur du salaire de base. Les salariés bénéficient de mécanismes d’incitation, à l’image d’un pay-out de 88%, qui traduit le rapport entre le bonus perçu et celui espéré. Du côté des entreprises, plus de 82% d’entre elles ont opté pour un accord de participation, quand 72% ont mis en place un accord facultatif d’intéressement.
Autre évolution notable: l’accroissement du taux d’épargne salariale qui a progressé depuis deux ans pour se stabiliser aux alentours de 10%, soit une hausse moyenne avoisinant les 300 euros. Le forfait social se dresse comme principal écueil et sa révision devrait soulager les finances des grandes sociétés tricolores.
Parallèlement, la question de l’égalité salariale entre les hommes et les femmes semble semble davantage préoccuper les chefs d’entreprises. L’écart de rémunération se situe autour de 3,3% et atteint parfois 5,3% selon le niveau de responsabilité. Les entreprises françaises se sont dites prêtes à revoir à la hausse les bonus des femmes par rapports à leurs collègues masculins. Une fracture qui n’est pas uniquement d’ordre social mais également géographique, les inégalités territoriales marquées pesant lourd dans le bilan global.
Les analystes de Deloitte sont toutefois assez optimistes et tablent sur une croissance du budget alloué aux augmentations salariales à l’horizon 2019. « Les prévisions d’augmentation pour l’année prochaine sont plutôt encourageantes, de l’ordre de 2%. La prévision d’inflation 2019 à 1,7% (dernière projection du gouvernement), plus haute que l’année dernière (1.03%), a probablement incité les entreprises à revoir leurs pratiques », déclare Franck Chéron, Associé Capital Humain chez Deloitte.
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