Rémunérations des banquiers : un tour de vis supplémentaire aux Pays-Bas
Les Néerlandais envisagent d'introduire des règles de conservation plus strictes. Un mouvement qui fait notamment suite à l'affaire ING.
Amsterdam - Pays-Bas
Les Pays-Bas sont parmi les États européens ayant les règles les plus restrictives en matière d'encadrement des rémunérations des banquiers. Et pourtant. Le ministre des Finances, Wopke Hoekstra, a fait part ce mois-ci dans une lettre adressée au Parlement - de son intention d'aller plus loin. Il détaille dans sa missive ce que son territoire et l'Union européenne ont mis en place, notamment depuis la crise de 2008, pour assurer une meilleure solidité des banques et que les financières soient plus orientées vers les besoins de leurs clients. De nouvelles pistes sont désormais explorées pour serrer un peu plus la vis. Et certaines d'entre elles concernent les rémunérations.
Ces annonces ne sont pas anodines. Elles font suite à l'indignation suscitée en début d'année par ING, qui souhaitait augmenter son CEO, Ralph Hamers, de près de 50 %. Or, pour mémoire, l'établissement a été renfloué par le contribuable pendant la crise financière de 2008. Le projet de hausse des émoluments a finalement été abandonné en mars, face au tollé suscité. Et pour ne rien arranger, en septembre de cette année, ING a accepté de payer une amende record de 775 millions d'euros notamment pour des pots-de-vin versés en Ouzbékistan. Il s'agit de l'une des plus fortes sanctions jamais infligée à une banque batave dans une affaire pénale. "Cela érode le soutien (des banques) au sein de la société, à un moment où le secteur financier a besoin de regagner la confiance", explique Wopke Hoekstra dans le préambule de sa missive.
Le ministre souhaiterait que les banquiers soient contraints de conserver les titres de leur établissement pendant cinq ans, afin de limiter les risques de vision court-termiste. Wopke Hoekstra a également indiqué qu'il examinait la légalité d'une éventuelle récupération d'une partie du salaire fixe d'un dirigeant de banque lorsqu'une institution financière reçoit une aide d'État. Il attend une réponse sur le sujet au cours du premier trimestre de l'an prochain. À noter que la législation actuelle en matière de récupération se limite pour le moment à la partie variable.
Le gouvernement irait ainsi plus loin que ses règles établies en 2015. Il avait alors limité les bonus des banquiers à 20 % de leur rémunération fixe (même si des exceptions sont possibles). À titre de comparaison, le seuil européen est établi à 100 % (voire 200 % en cas d'approbation des actionnaires) du salaire.
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