Macro-économie / Taux
Macro-économie / Taux
La France a perdu 500.000 emplois au premier trimestre 2020
A la fin du premier trimestre 2020, l’emploi intérimaire a baissé de 40,4% par rapport à fin 2019. Il a retrouvé un niveau équivalent à celui de 2009.
Recherche emploi - chômage - CV - lettre de motivation - recruteur - recrutement - chasse de têtes
On savait l’emploi dévasté par les conséquences économiques du Covid-19. Mais les chiffres donnés par l’INSEE ce matin résonnent dans les têtes. A la fin du premier trimestre 2020, on dénombre 502.400 destructions nettes d’emplois par rapport à la fin 2019, soit une chute de 2% de l’emploi salarié. Le secteur privé comptabilise à lui seul 497.400 destructions nettes alors que la fonction publique est épargnée avec seulement 4.900 emplois détruits. La comparaison avec la crise de 2008 est presque anecdotique. Ainsi, sur le "champ marchand non agricole", l’emploi chute de 2,8 % au premier trimestre 2020, contre une baisse de 0,8 % au quatrième trimestre 2008 et 0,9 % au premier trimestre 2009. C’est tout simplement la plus forte baisse sur cette série depuis sa création à la fin des années 1970.
Plus précisément, la majorité des destructions d’emplois se concentre sur le secteur intérimaire. Ce-dernier s’effondre de 40,4% par rapport à fin 2019 et perd 318.000 emplois. Une nouvelle fois, la comparaison avec 2008 ne semble pas pertinente puisque le secteur avait vu ses emplois baisser de 13,9 % au quatrième trimestre de 2008 et 13 % au premier trimestre 2009. Variable d’ajustement, l’emploi intérimaire est de fait le plus touché par les chocs conjoncturels. Mais, plus inquiétant encore, la baisse concerne tous les secteurs. Pour la première fois depuis la premier trimestre 2017, l’emploi industriel a reculé de 0,4%, même chute que pour la construction. Le secteur des services marchands hors intérim est le plus souffrant avec une diminution de 1,2% des emplois.
Attendus, ces chiffres donnent corps aux nombreux appels concernant la défense de l’emploi. Si Laurent Berger, secrétaire général de la CFDT, défendait ce matin qu’il faut tout faire pour préserver l’emploi "mais ça ne veut pas dire qu’il faut pour cela baisser les salaires comme on l’entend ici ou là ", Bruno Le Maire militait pour "un retour à une activité économique normale plus rapide ". Inquiet pour 800.000 emplois supplémentaires, il s’est déclaré favorable aux mesures qui encouragent le retour à l’emploi comme la prime pour le recrutement d’un apprenti qui devrait être élargie. Pour autant, si ces chiffres inquiètent les décideurs politiques et économiques, les entreprises ne semblent pas aussi pessimistes. Une enquête menée par ManpowerGroup indique que 54% des 34.000 employeurs interrogés dans 43 pays sont plutôt optimistes sur un retour des embauches similaires au niveau d’avant crise d’ici un an. 24% d’entre eux imaginent même un retour à la normal dès juillet 2020.
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