Macro-économie / Taux / Banque Transatlantique
Macro-économie / Taux
Banque Transatlantique
Les expatriés sont les ambassadeurs de la France
Les clichés sont nombreux sur les expatriés. Pour les déconstruire, il fallait au moins une étude. C’est désormais le cas grâce à la Banque Transatlantique qui a dévoilé vendredi le premier Observatoire de l’Expatriation en partenariat avec l’Union des Français de l’Étranger (UFE) et OpinionWay. Première en son genre, l’étude a recueilli les réponses de 5 382 des 200 000 expatriés français à travers le monde, soit un taux de réponse de 2,7 %. Pour Frédéric Micheau, directeur des études au sein d’Opinionway, ces chiffres, sans être représentatifs, sont hautement significatifs avec une marge d’erreur comprise en 0,6 et 1,3 points. Souvent oubliés, les expatriés ont pourtant des liens bancaires patrimoniaux conséquents avec l’Hexagone. Or, les difficultés, notamment concernant le maintien d’un compte en France, l’accès au financement et à l’investissement ainsi que la gestion de leur patrimoine, sont nombreuses pour ceux installés à l’étranger. Comme l’explique Vincent Joulia, membre du comité exécutif de la Banque Transatlantique, "nous avons voulu faciliter l’objectivation du regard que l’on porte sur les expatriés ".
Objectiver passe donc d’abord par déconstruire des clichés. Non, les expatriés ne sont pas des Français poussés à quitter le territoire pour des raisons fiscales : seuls 5 % partent pour trouver des taux d’imposition plus bas. Au contraire, 39 % suivent une opportunité professionnelle, 23 % partent par amour et 23 % pour découvrir une autre culture. Par ailleurs, Jean-Christophe Dumont, chef de la division des migrations internationales à l’OCDE, souligne que "la France n’est pas particulièrement exposée à la fuite des cerveaux, comme on pourrait le craindre ". Certes, la part des personnes diplômées du supérieur augmente plus vite parmi les expatriés qu’en France métropolitaine (16 % depuis les années 2000, contre 11 % en France). Mais seuls 5 % des diplômés du supérieur en France sont expatriés alors qu’ils sont 9 % au Royaume-Uni, 6,5 % en Allemagne et 7,2 % en Italie. Enfin, les " expats ", comme on les surnomme, ne sont pas des citoyens hors sol : 34 % se disent citoyen français, 26 % citoyen européen et 23 % citoyen du monde. Pour Frédéric Micheau, " le temps n’abolit pas le sentiment d’appartenance ". D’ailleurs, 85 % d’entre eux se disent fiers d’être français. Ils sont 86 % sur le territoire métropolitain à partager ce sentiment.
Bien au contraire, les expatriés sont bénéfiques à l’économie française. En affirmant un mode de vie français – 68 % consomment des produits culturels français, 57 % des biens ou services nationaux — ils deviennent des ambassadeurs du pays. Pour Marc Boudin, délégué général de l’UFE, "ce sont de bon relais pour le commerce extérieur français". Ils sont 63 % à se considérer comme tels et à affirmer avoir un rôle à jouer pour le rayonnement du pays à l’international. Jean-Christophe Dumont en est persuadé : "peu importe si des gens ne rentrent pas, je pense que l’économie française en tire profit ".
La crise sanitaire pourrait toutefois marquer un coup d’arrêt à l’expatriation, du moins conjoncturellement. "Jean-Christophe Dumont s’attend "à une diminution par deux au moins des flux migratoires avec la pandémie mais on peut penser que le mouvement de fonds ne va pas s’inverser ". Loin du cliché, les expatriés servent donc la France en la quittant.
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