Macro-économie / Taux
Macro-économie / Taux
Le gouvernement place les entreprises au centre de la relance
À l’occasion de son intervention en ouverture de l’université d’été du Medef, le Premier ministre Jean Castex a annoncé plusieurs mesures qui figureront dans le plan de relance de 100 milliards d’euros du gouvernement, qui sera présenté le 3 septembre.
Il a d’une part confirmé la baisse des impôts de production dès le 1er janvier prochain, dont Geoffroy Roux de Bézieux, le président du Medef, avait encore réclamé "une baisse significative" lors de son discours introductif quelques minutes plus tôt : "c’est la mesure principale que nous attendons" alors qu’elle est annoncée chaque année depuis quatre ans, a-t-il rappelé. Le Premier ministre lui a donc répondu favorablement. La réduction représenterait 10 milliards d’euros par an. La Cotisation sur la valeur ajoutée des entreprises (CVAE) sera divisée par deux (la part régionale sera notamment supprimée), ce qui contribuera à réduire le plafond de la contribution économique territoriale de 3% à 2%. Et "à partir de 2021, la méthode de taxation foncière des locaux industriels sera réformée pour diviser par deux la pression fiscale", a ajouté Jean Castex.
L’autre grande demande du Medef concernait la baisse de l’impôt sur les sociétés. Sur ce point, Geoffroy Roux de Bézieux venait d’expliquer que les entreprises "ne souhaitent pas ne pas payer d’impôt, mais elles espèrent rejoindre en 2022 la moyenne européenne" pour lutter à armes égales avec leurs concurrents. Sur ce plan encore, le gouvernement a cherché à rassurer. "Nous continuerons à baisser l’impôt sur les sociétés, comme s’y est engagé le président de la République. Nous n’augmenterons aucun impôt, nous maintiendrons les baisses déjà engagées", a promis Jean Castex, ce dans le cadre d’une volonté plus globale "d’assurer la stabilité des règles du jeu".
En outre, les mesures de financement du chômage partiel seront étendues au moins jusqu’au 1er novembre dans les sociétés en difficulté et jusqu’à deux ans en cas d’accord d’entreprise. Dans les secteurs les plus touchés, comme la culture, l’extension à deux ans sera autorisée même en l’absence d’accord, a précisé le Premier ministre.
Mais le plan de relance n’en a pas que pour les grandes entreprises, dont le Medef est essentiellement le représentant. "Au moins un quart" des 100 milliards d’euros du plan de relance bénéficiera aux PME et TPE, et le plan passera très largement par les territoires, a affirmé Jean Castex.
Le chef du gouvernement a toutefois affirmé que l’effet du plan sur le ratio de dette publique de la France serait "quasiment effacé en 2025", sans que l’on sache réellement comment le gouvernement allait s’y prendre. Au-delà de la tranche de 40 milliards d’euros issue du plan européen, il compte sur la reprise de l’activité économique, qui devrait accroître mécaniquement les assiettes d’imposition pour renflouer ses caisses. Les mesures procèdent d’abord d’une relance par l’offre et l’investissement, a-t-il confirmé.
En revanche, Geoffroy Roux de Bezieux a fait chou blanc dans l’immédiat sur le temps de travail, sujet qu’il avait déjà évoqué pendant le confinement et sur lequel il est revenu dans son discours. "Je pense qu'il faudra rouvrir le débat" lorsque reprendront les négociations sur la réforme des retraites, c'est-à-dire "pas maintenant", mais "pas non plus en 2022", a-t-il déclaré. Il n’a pas obtenu de réponse de la part du Premier ministre, mais probablement voulait-il poser des jalons pour l’année prochaine.
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