Macro-économie / Taux

La pandémie au premier plan des préoccupations du Conseil européen

Étant donné le contexte actuel d’aggravation généralisée de la pandémie dans les pays d’Europe, le Conseil européen qui se tiendra les 15 et 16 octobre 2020 accordera autant d’importance aux discussions autour de la Covid qu’à la question pressante du Brexit.

PAR Clémentine de la Motte

Santé, virus, contagion

On observe dans l'Union européenne une résurgence de taux de tests positifs considérés comme élevés, aussi bien dans les pays d'Europe de l’Ouest que ceux de l’Est, lesquels avaient été relativement épargnés par la première vague. Dans ce climat d'inquiétude contagieuse, le Conseil européen à l’intention de rappeler demain aux États membres que des mesures de coordination existent déjà à l’échelle européenne et que d’autres vont être déployées. Il a adopté hier une recommandation formelle adressée aux 27 afin d'homogénéiser la stratégie de lutte contre la pandémie en particulier en concernant les déplacements, qui se décline en trois points.

Les pays de l’Union sont invités à avoir une politique commune concernant la classification des zones rouges, oranges et verte définies selon des critères précis comme le taux de positivité au test de dépistage ; par ailleurs l’appartenance à une zone doit conduire aux mêmes droits dans tous les pays. Il leur est également recommandé de mieux communiquer lorsqu'une nouvelle mesure est prise, soit de prévenir leurs partenaires 24 heures avant son entrée en vigueur via le site de la Commission qui concentre les informations relatives à la pandémie, Re-open EU. Le conseil définit en outre le type de mesures que chaque pays peut appliquer concernant la mobilité. En revanche le choix de ces mesures et leur modalité, comme l’obligation ou non de se munir d’un test covid pour prendre l’avion ou la durée de la quarantaine imposée, est à la discrétion des États, même si le Conseil travaille à son homogénéisation. Dans les jours qui viennent, une carte de propagation du virus par région sera établie et mise à jour chaque semaine à partir des données fournies par les pays de l'UE, afin de les aider à avoir une approche plus global de la situation épidémiologie.

Enfin, le Conseil fera un point sur les vaccins, les tests et les traitements. Six accords d’achat anticipés ont déjà été signés entre le 14 août et le 8 octobre par la Commission européenne avec les géants de l’industrie pharmaceutique (Sanofi-GSK, Johnson & Johnson, CureVac, Moderna, biontech et AstrasZeneca). Chaque contrat d’achat porte sur une quantité comprise entre 80 et 300 millions de doses, tandis que certains contrats comprennent aussi une option pour l'achat de doses supplémentaires. Au total, les accords de pré-achat portent sur 1.305 millions de doses et les options sur 400 millions.

Ces accords présentent le double avantage de permettre aux laboratoires de financer leurs investissements et de leur donner une garantie que les vaccins produits seront achetés par les États. Des directives seront données sur la manière de déployer les vaccins et les critères d’allocation, puisque dans un premier temps tout le monde ne pourra pas en bénéficier. Le Conseil détaillera également la façon de communiquer sur la nécessité de se faire vacciner dans un climat de défiance vaccinale, notamment en France et en Italie.

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France : l'amélioration des comptes ne cache pas les handicaps structurels

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