Macro-économie / Taux
Macro-économie / Taux
L'Europe entre en jeu dans la course aux monnaies numériques
La pandémie a posé la grande question de la nécessité de repenser l'économie européenne afin de ne pas dépendre des circuits d’approvisionnement des États-Unis ou de la Chine. Cette question se pose aussi au regard de la monnaie. La BCE a lancé le 16 octobre une large consultation sur le sujet d'une devise numérique européenne.
Euro - logo
Du domaine du numérique dépendent tous les autres et derrière les transactions se cachent un nombre incalculable de données, sujet au cœur des préoccupations mondiales. Trois initiatives ont été prises afin d'assurer une souveraineté européenne : l’initiative européenne pour les paiements, ou EPI, qui est un réseau interbancaire de paiement paneuropéen visant à concurrencer Mastercard et Visa, le système “request to pay”, qui favorise le paiement instantané de factures électroniques, et le projet embryonnaire de l'Eurodigit.
Le développement d’une devise numérique européenne indexée sur l’euro s’est accéléré, depuis l’annonce en 2019 de la sortie prochaine d’une crypto monnaie, la Libra, développée par le groupe Facebook. La Banque centrale chinoise est aussi en train de développer un yuan numérique déjà testé dans plusieurs villes. Jusqu'à présent, à l’échelle de l’Union Européenne, deux projets sont en cours, le développement du krona numérique suédois, et de l’euro numérique de la Banque de France. Même s’il est difficile de prédire quel sera l'effet du développement des crypto-actifs, il est, aux yeux des dirigeants européens, primordial que l’Europe n'ait aucun retard sur le sujet qui pourrait être une révolution dans le monde des paiements.
Le e-euro que la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) projette de créer reposerait sur un mécanisme d’émission différent de celui d’une devise traditionnelle puisque les transactions passeraient par un Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) ou Blockchain qui permet de traiter en instantané plusieurs milliers de transactions et présente des avantages de traçabilité, de diminution des erreurs et d’impossibilité de fraude. Via ce dispositif, l’argent transite d’un porte-monnaie à un autre sans passer par une banque.
Jusqu’à présent la BCE consulte les citoyens sur le sujet ; suivra une période de tests de six mois et mi-2021 elle prendra la décision ou non d’aller plus loin. Plusieurs modèles sont envisagés. Une possibilité serait que la monnaie soit directement disponible pour les particuliers depuis la Banque centrale, sans intermédiation par les banques. “ En fonction des options retenues pour le mettre en œuvre, les effets que l'e-euro aura sur l’économie et sur les ratios de liquidité et solvabilité des banques pourront varier” selon Pierre Lahbabi, directeur général de la société Galitt, acteur dans le domaine des paiements. Une autre possibilité serait d’émettre cette e-euro depuis les Banques centrales à l’échelle nationale et d’en faire ainsi un levier de politique monétaire.
© Copyright WanSquare
Reproduction et diffusion interdites sans autorisation écrite
Reproduction et diffusion interdites sans autorisation écrite
Vous souhaitez réagir à cet article ou apporter une précision ?
Commentez cet article
À lire aussi
[NOTICE] Undefined index: extension in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 539)
Notice: Undefined index: extension in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 539
[NOTICE] exif_imagetype(): Read error! in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 541)
Notice: exif_imagetype(): Read error! in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 541
[NOTICE] exif_imagetype(): Read error! in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 545)
Notice: exif_imagetype(): Read error! in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 545
[WARNING] imagecreatefromjpeg(): gd-jpeg: JPEG library reports unrecoverable error: Empty input file in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 557)
Warning: imagecreatefromjpeg(): gd-jpeg: JPEG library reports unrecoverable error: Empty input file in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 557
[WARNING] imagecreatefromjpeg(): '/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/bibli/' is not a valid JPEG file in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 557)
Warning: imagecreatefromjpeg(): '/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/bibli/' is not a valid JPEG file in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 557
[WARNING] imagesx() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 562)
Warning: imagesx() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 562
[WARNING] imagesy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 562)
Warning: imagesy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 562
[WARNING] Division by zero in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 562)
Warning: Division by zero in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 562
[WARNING] imagesx() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 574)
Warning: imagesx() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 574
[WARNING] imagesy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 575)
Warning: imagesy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 575
[WARNING] imagecreatetruecolor(): Invalid image dimensions in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 578)
Warning: imagecreatetruecolor(): Invalid image dimensions in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 578
[WARNING] imagealphablending() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 579)
Warning: imagealphablending() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 579
[WARNING] imagesavealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 580)
Warning: imagesavealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 580
[WARNING] imagesavealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 582)
Warning: imagesavealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 582
[WARNING] imagecolorallocatealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 583)
Warning: imagecolorallocatealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 583
[WARNING] imagecolortransparent() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 584)
Warning: imagecolortransparent() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 584
[WARNING] imagefill() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 585)
Warning: imagefill() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 585
[WARNING] imagecopyresampled() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 587)
Warning: imagecopyresampled() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 587
[WARNING] imagepng() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 589)
Warning: imagepng() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 589
[WARNING] rename(/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/thumbs/176_112_.tmp,/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/thumbs/176_112_): No such file or directory in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 590)
Warning: rename(/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/thumbs/176_112_.tmp,/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/thumbs/176_112_): No such file or directory in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 590
[WARNING] imagedestroy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 591)
Warning: imagedestroy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 591
[WARNING] imagedestroy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 592)
Warning: imagedestroy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 592
[NOTICE] Undefined index: extension in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 539)
Notice: Undefined index: extension in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 539
[NOTICE] exif_imagetype(): Read error! in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 541)
Notice: exif_imagetype(): Read error! in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 541
[NOTICE] exif_imagetype(): Read error! in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 545)
Notice: exif_imagetype(): Read error! in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 545
[WARNING] imagecreatefromjpeg(): gd-jpeg: JPEG library reports unrecoverable error: Empty input file in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 557)
Warning: imagecreatefromjpeg(): gd-jpeg: JPEG library reports unrecoverable error: Empty input file in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 557
[WARNING] imagecreatefromjpeg(): '/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/bibli/' is not a valid JPEG file in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 557)
Warning: imagecreatefromjpeg(): '/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/bibli/' is not a valid JPEG file in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 557
[WARNING] imagesx() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 562)
Warning: imagesx() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 562
[WARNING] imagesy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 562)
Warning: imagesy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 562
[WARNING] Division by zero in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 562)
Warning: Division by zero in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 562
[WARNING] imagesx() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 574)
Warning: imagesx() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 574
[WARNING] imagesy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 575)
Warning: imagesy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 575
[WARNING] imagecreatetruecolor(): Invalid image dimensions in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 578)
Warning: imagecreatetruecolor(): Invalid image dimensions in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 578
[WARNING] imagealphablending() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 579)
Warning: imagealphablending() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 579
[WARNING] imagesavealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 580)
Warning: imagesavealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 580
[WARNING] imagesavealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 582)
Warning: imagesavealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 582
[WARNING] imagecolorallocatealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 583)
Warning: imagecolorallocatealpha() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 583
[WARNING] imagecolortransparent() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 584)
Warning: imagecolortransparent() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 584
[WARNING] imagefill() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 585)
Warning: imagefill() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 585
[WARNING] imagecopyresampled() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 587)
Warning: imagecopyresampled() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 587
[WARNING] imagepng() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 589)
Warning: imagepng() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 589
[WARNING] rename(/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/thumbs/176_112_.tmp,/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/thumbs/176_112_): No such file or directory in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 590)
Warning: rename(/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/thumbs/176_112_.tmp,/home/ppd_wansquare/public_html/images/thumbs/176_112_): No such file or directory in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 590
[WARNING] imagedestroy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 591)
Warning: imagedestroy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 591
[WARNING] imagedestroy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php (line 592)
Warning: imagedestroy() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/ppd_wansquare/protected/helpers/helpers.php on line 592