Macro-économie / Taux
Macro-économie / Taux
Covid-19 : quatre fois plus de dégâts sur l’emploi que la crise financière mondiale
Selon un nouveau rapport de l'Organisation internationale du travail, la pandémie a provoqué, en 2020, la disparition de 12.240 milliards d'heures de travail, soit l’équivalent de 255 millions d’emplois à temps plein.
Industrie Europe
La crise pandémique a provoqué des "dommages massifs" sur l'emploi, explique l'Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) dans son septième rapport consacré à l'impact de la pandémie sur le monde du travail. Concrètement, en 2020, 8,8% des heures de travail dans le monde ont été perdues - par rapport au quatrième trimestre 2019 - ce qui équivaut à 255 millions d'emplois à temps plein. En comparaison, la crise financière mondiale en avait détruit quatre fois moins.
Ces heures de travail perdues représentent d’une part la réduction du nombre d’heures effectuées par ceux qui ont un travail et d’autre part le niveau inédit des pertes d’emplois qui touchent 114 millions de personnes. "Concrètement, 71 pour cent de ces pertes d’emplois (81 millions de personnes) relèvent de l’inactivité plutôt que du chômage, ce qui signifie que ces personnes ont quitté le marché du travail parce qu’elles n’étaient pas en mesure de travailler, peut-être en raison des mesures de restrictions liées à la pandémie ou, tout simplement, parce qu’elles ont cessé de chercher du travail", explique l’OIT.
Pour 2021, l’organisation basée à Genève présente trois scénarios. Le scénario de référence, basé sur les prévisions du Fonds monétaire international d’octobre 2020, prévoit une perte de 3% du nombre d’heures de travail dans le monde. Le scénario pessimiste, lui, suppose que les progrès seront lents, en particulier en matière de vaccination, et les heures de travail baisseraient de 4,6% quand dans le scénario optimiste la diminution atteindrait 1,3%. A noter que, dans tous les cas, les Amériques, l'Europe et l'Asie centrale subiraient environ deux fois les pertes d'heures de travail des autres régions.
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