Macro-économie / Taux
Macro-économie / Taux
Un marché automobile français porté par l'hybride
Les immatriculations de voitures particulières neuves au mois de janvier sont en recul (- 5,85 %), et ce pour la sixième fois consécutive, selon les données communiquées par le Comité des constructeurs français d’automobiles (CCFA) qui dévoile, comme au début de chaque mois, l’état des lieux du marché. Mais ce repli n’est pas aussi alarmant qu’il n’y paraît pour plusieurs raisons. "Le marché est encore fragile [...] mais les ventes sont saines", considère François Roudier, porte-parole du CCFA qui s’est exprimé sur BFM Business. D’une part, la période concernée est moins importante qu'en an auparavant : le mois de janvier de l’année 2021, à 20 jours ouvrables, comprend 2 deux jours ouvrables de moins que le mois de janvier de l’année 2020. D’autre part, la diminution n’est pas significative étant donné l’incertitude économique qui règne depuis maintenant presque un an, et l’instauration d’un couvre-feu national après 18 heures adopté au milieu du mois. En outre, si le nombre de voitures immatriculées, 126.381 véhicules particuliers, est moins important qu’en janvier 2020 (134.229), il est bien au-dessus des statistiques relevées en 2019 (155.079) et 2018 (156.846) : le week-end portes ouvertes du 16 et 17 janvier dernier a participé à compenser les effets des mesures mises en place pour lutter contre la pandémie.
Du point de vue des groupes français
Les marques françaises ont davantage souffert que les marques étrangères : en repli de 9,9 % contre une croissance de 0,4 % pour les autres marques. Au sein de l’ancien groupe PSA, les ventes de Peugeot, Citroën et DS ont reculé de respectivement 10,9 %, 21,2 % et 33,8 %. Le CCFA précise dans son communiqué que les données des groupes PSA et FCA sont, pour la dernière fois, délivrées de manière séparée. Le Comité ajoute que les résultats apparaîtront fusionnés au sein de l’entité Stellantis, à compter du mois prochain et non pas dès ce mois-ci "par souci de fiabilité et d’exactitude" étant donné que la fusion ne date que du 16 janvier.
Les ventes de la marque Renault ont reculé de 20,9 % mais le bilan est moins lourd lorsque l’on considère le groupe, porté par Dacia qui a pleinement profité de l’arrivée de la Sandero, deuxième modèle le plus vendu derrière la Peugeot 208. Les ventes de la marque italienne ont connu une hausse de 95,1 % par rapport à un an auparavant, avec 7.249 immatriculations.
Les voitures électrifiées en contraste
Constat symbolique : pour la première fois, il s’est vendu davantage de voitures hybrides ou électriques que de voitures diesel, dont la part de marché des véhicules particuliers est tombée à 25,3 % (32.024 unités), selon les analystes de AAA Data. Le marché de l’électrique est cependant en contraste. Du côté des voitures hybrides, les ventes ont doublé le mois dernier par rapport à un an auparavant, représentant 22 % des parts du marché, soit 28.262 immatriculations le mois dernier par rapport aux 15.259 immatriculations de janvier 2020.
En revanche, les immatriculations des voitures électriques ont chuté de 41 % au mois de janvier en glissement annuel : on compte 6.469 immatriculations contre 10.952 en janvier 2020, si bien que leur part est passée de 8 % à 5 % du marché automobile. Mais cette chute s’explique partiellement par le report qui avait eu lieu l’an passé : en fin d’année 2019, les constructeurs avaient reporté les immatriculations de voitures électrifiées au mois de janvier afin qu’elles soient comptabilisées dans le calcul des objectifs de CO2.
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