Macro-économie / Taux
Macro-économie / Taux
Royaume-Uni : la pandémie est un frein à la rémunération des grands patrons
Au Royaume-Uni, la crise sanitaire mondiale a provoqué la réduction des salaires et des primes des grands patrons. Leur rémunération reste tout de même 86 fois supérieure au salaire d'un travailleur moyen à temps plein.
Londres - Niklas HALLE'N / AFP
L'enquête dévoilée par High Pay Center (HPC) indique que le président-directeur général médian de l'indice boursier FTSE-100 a été payé 2,69 millions de livres sterling en 2020, soit 86 fois plus que le salaire touché par un travailleur médian travaillant à temps plein au Royaume-Uni. Toutefois, il est en baisse de 17 % par rapport à la rémunération médiane des patrons en 2019, qui s'établissait alors à 3,25 millions de livres. En ce qui concerne les primes annuelles, 64 % des entreprises en ont versé une à leur président-directeur général en 2020 alors qu'elles étaient 89 % en 2019, conséquence directe de la crise sanitaire qui a engendré des difficultés économiques et financières à de nombreuses sociétés. De plus, le montant des primes annuelles confirme ce raisonnement puisque ce dernier est passé de 1,1 millions de livres en 2019 à 828 000 livres l'an dernier.
Par ailleurs, cette étude réalisée par HPC met en exergue les inégalités de rémunération des grands patrons en fonction de leur sexe. En effet, alors que le salaire médian des hommes à ce poste était de 2,8 millions de livres en 2020, celui des femmes était de 2,63 millions de livres. Il est toutefois nécessaire de prendre en compte la petite taille de l'échantillon étudié, qui peut engendrer des limites pour établir un véritable diagnostic. À titre d'exemple, le président-directeur général le mieux rémunéré en 2020 était Pascal Soriot de l'entreprise AstraZeneca, avec un montant de 15,45 millions de livres. En ce qui concerne les femmes, la première de ce classement occupe la neuvième place avec une rémunération de 7,03 millions de livres, soit moins de la moitié de la rémunération acquise par l'homme le mieux rémunéré en 2020. Il s'agit d'Emma Walmsey, directrice générale du groupe pharmaceutique GSK.
Par ailleurs, les nettes inégalités de rémunération qui règnent entre les salariés moyens et les patrons, ainsi que l'argent public utilisé pour protéger les entreprises pourrait renforcer la volonté de rééquilibrer les différences de revenus aussi flagrantes. De plus, depuis qu'il est devenu obligatoire pour les entreprises britanniques de plus de 250 employés de montrer la différence de rémunération entre le patron et le salarié moyen, le Royaume-Uni a mis en place la possibilité pour les actionnaires de s'exprimer sur les rémunérations des dirigeants (c'est le say on pay). Même si ces derniers n'ont pas de pouvoir contraignant conféré par ce nouvel outil, cela leur permet tout de même de faire entendre leur voix et de mettre en évidence la politique des entreprises en la matière.
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