Macro-économie / Taux
Macro-économie / Taux
Départ de plusieurs grandes fortunes du Royaume-Uni : une cause directe du Brexit
Même si le Royaume-Uni reste, avec la City, le principal pourvoyeur de grandes fortunes dans la finance, l'annonce du Brexit rime avec le départ de plusieurs d'entre elles.
Londres - Tolga Akmen / AFP
Selon l'Autorité Bancaire Européenne, le nombre de banquiers ayant gagné plus d'1 million d'euros au sein de l'Union Européenne est resté stable entre 2018 (4 938 personnes) et 2019 (4 963 personnes), représentant une faible augmentation de 0,53 %.
C'est l'annonce du Brexit, qui sous-entendait la délocalisation de certaines activités financières, qui a engendré le départ de quelque 95 grands banquiers du Royaume-Uni, soit une baisse de 2,63 %. Parallèlement, le nombre de banquiers ayant gagné une somme supérieure à 1 million d'euros au cours de l'année de 2019, a augmenté dans plusieurs autres pays de l'Union Européenne, comme l'Italie qui enregistre une hausse de 17 % (241 personnes), la France avec 15,4 % (270 personnes) et l'Allemagne avec 9,3 % d'augmentation (492 personnes).
Toutefois, malgré une diminution du nombre de banquiers millionnaires au Royaume-Uni, la puissance britannique en concentre encore près des trois quarts. Cela s'explique notamment par le fait que c'est au Royaume-Uni que les banquiers gagnent le plus d'argent. En guise d'exemple, 27 banquiers résidants au Royaume-Uni ont empoché au moins 10 millions d'euros en 2019, en comparaison avec l'Allemagne où ils ne sont que 3 banquiers à avoir gagné une telle somme et seulement 1 en France. D'autre part, le plus gros salaire empoché par un banquier basé à Londres était de 64 millions d'euros tandis qu'en moyenne, au sein de l'Union Européenne, les grandes fortunes dans la finance gagnent environ 2 millions d'euros sur un an.
Au cours de la dernière décennie, c'est une augmentation de 45 % du nombre de banquiers millionnaires qui est à noter. La crise sanitaire qui pèse sur l'économie mondiale depuis le début de l'année 2020 pourrait avoir un impact notable sur la dynamique de croissance de ce nombre. En effet l'année dernière, la Banque centrale européenne avait recommandé une "modération extrême" de l'octroi de bonus aux individus dont les revenus sont supérieurs à 500 000 euros par un an, un conseil que de nombreuses entreprises avaient appliqué au cours de l'année 2020. Cela explique donc que le nombre de banquiers "preneurs de risque" ait diminué dans toutes les entreprises à l'exception quelques-unes comme Barclays, BNP Paribas et Deutsche Bank.
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