Macro-économie / Taux
Macro-économie / Taux
Les start-ups françaises ont fait mieux que résister à la crise sanitaire
Une étude de la Banque de France retrace l’impact de la crise sanitaire sur la situation financière des start-ups en 2020. Avec un chiffre d’affaires en hausse de 10 %, celle-ci s’est améliorée, notamment grâce à un financement bancaire sans précédent et un bon maintien des trésoreries. Les actionnaires du capital-risque ont également joué leur rôle en renforçant les fonds propres de leurs participations.
Le Président de la République Emmanuel Macron lors d’une conférence à l'occasion de l'événement VivaTech consacré aux startups et à la technologie - ALAIN JOCARD / POOL / AFP
En 2020, la crise sanitaire a engendré un contexte inédit pour les start-ups françaises. La Banque de France a ainsi étudié leur situation au cours de cette période.
Le chiffre d’affaires cumulé des 1 025 start-ups de l’étude de la Banque de France s’élève à 10,2 milliards d’euros en 2020. Cela représente une hausse de 10 % sur la base de 2019, alors les petites et moyennes entreprises françaises connaissent-elles une baisse mesurée à 5,2 %.
Toutefois, l’approche sectorielle de l’étude permet d’analyser une forte dispersion des start-ups. En raison du contexte sanitaire, les start-ups positionnées sur les secteurs du tourisme, du loisir et de la mobilité ont enregistré les baisses d’activité les plus marquées. Par opposition, les start-ups de la formation, de la santé et du commerce en ligne ont bénéficié d’une demande plus soutenue liée aux restrictions sanitaires qui a accéléré leur croissance. Enfin, les Fintech françaises ont conforté leur position de leader en Europe continentale, grâce à un fort dynamisme d’activité porté par des scale-ups (start-ups d'une taille déjà respectables et promises à devenir des leaders) internationalisées. L’étude de la Banque de France précise que 71 % des start-ups présentées ont une activité à l'export qui représente 25 % de leur chiffre d’affaires total. Fin 2020, les 1 025 start-ups emploient 49 000 personnes, contre 43 000 un an auparavant, soit une hausse de 14 % des effectifs.
Malgré le contexte économique délicat lié à la crise sanitaire, le capital-risque a financé les start-ups à hauteur de 5,4 milliards d’euros en 2020, soit une progression de 5,8 % par rapport à 2019. De ce fait, les fonds propres des start-ups ont ainsi pu connaître une évolution positive de 6 %, passant de 4,9 milliards d’euros à 5,6 milliards d’euros, démontrant une capacité à absorber les pertes de croissance et de maintenir la dynamique du développement.
Finalement, grâce à la sollicitation des prêts garantis par l'État, les start-ups ont renforcé leur trésorerie. Lors de la crise sanitaire, le gouvernement a déployé un plan de soutien dédié aux start-ups de près de 4 milliards d’euros, incluant l’accès au PGE sur des critères spécifiques. Au total, plus de deux tiers des start-ups de l’étude ont obtenu un prêt garanti, avec notamment 11 % d'entre elles qui ont reçu un PGE pour un montant supérieur à 3 milliards d’euros.
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