Macro-économie / Taux / Mécanisme européen de stabilité / Pierre Gramegna
Macro-économie / Taux
Mécanisme européen de stabilité / Pierre Gramegna
Le Mécanisme européen de stabilité a son nouveau patron / Il s’agit de l’ancien ministre luxembourgeois des Finances
Les Dix-neuf ministres des Finances de la zone euro se sont accordés pour nommer Pierre Gramegna directeur général du « FMI européen ». Ce diplomate de carrière ne devrait pas être dépaysé.
Pierre Gramegna - EUC/ROPI-REA
Le Mécanisme européen de stabilité (ESM) s’est trouvé un directeur général. Pierre Gramegna a été désigné par les Dix-neuf ministres des Finances de la zone euro pour prendre la succession de Klaus Regling. Il entrera en fonction ce jeudi pour une durée de cinq ans. L’ESM a été créé en février 2012 par les Dix-neuf et vise à préserver la stabilité financière de la zone euro en apportant une aide aux pays qui connaîtraient des difficultés concernant, notamment, le financement de leur dette publique.
Celui que l’on surnomme le "FMI européen" est ainsi autorisé à octroyer des prêts dans le cadre d’un programme d’ajustement macroéconomique, acheter des titres sur les marchés primaire et secondaire de la dette ou encore financer la recapitalisation d’établissements financiers, au travers de prêts aux gouvernements des pays membres de la zone euro. Il possède une capacité de prêt de 500 milliards d’euros et il est venu en aide à la Grèce, à Chypre et à l’Espagne.
Agé de 64 ans, Pierre Gramegna a poursuivi des études de droit et d'économie à l'Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II), où il a obtenu une maîtrise en droit civil en 1981 et une licence en sciences économiques un an plus tard. Il possède également un DEA en droit européen.
Au sortir de ses études parisiennes, il intègre le ministère des Affaires étrangères luxembourgeois. Par la suite, il sera nommé conseiller pour les affaires politiques et économiques à l'ambassade du Luxembourg à Paris en 1988, fonction qu'il a occupée pendant quatre ans avant d'être nommé consul général et directeur du Conseil de développement économique (Boad of Economic Development) à San Francisco.
Puis, de 1996 à 2002, Pierre Gramegna a été ambassadeur du Luxembourg au Japon et en Corée du Sud. Il a ensuite été responsable de la Direction des relations économiques internationales au ministère des Affaires étrangères. En 2003, Pierre Gramegna a pris la fonction de directeur général de la Chambre de commerce jusqu'en 2013, date à laquelle il fait son entrée en politique.
Xavier Bettel, nouveau Premier ministre issu du Parti démocratique, commence alors à diriger un gouvernement de coalition au sein duquel Pierre Gramegna devient ministre des Finances. Il occupera cette fonction jusqu’en janvier 2022.
A noter qu'au cours de sa carrière, Pierre Gramegna a été membre du conseil d'administration de plusieurs sociétés, dont Cargolux Airlines International SA (en tant que président de 2004 à 2008), la Bourse de Luxembourg, LuxExpo Luxembourg et BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg SA.
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