Macro-économie / Taux / millefeuille administratif
Macro-économie / Taux
millefeuille administratif
Millefeuille administratif : le coût serait d’au moins 7,5 milliards d’euros / Les collectivités en supportent majoritairement la charge
L’addition du "millefeuille administratif" en France est salée. Cet enchevêtrement des responsabilités et des compétences entre l’État et les collectivités et entre les collectivités entre elles représenterait un coût d’au moins 7,5 milliards d’euros, soit 0,3 % du Produit intérieur brut (PIB). C’est le montant issu d’un rapport de Boris Ravignon, maire de Charleville-Mézières et président d’Ardenne Métropole. L’ex-conseiller "développement durable" du président de la République Nicolas Sarkozy, avait été missionné en décembre dernier par Thomas Cazenave, ministre délégué aux Comptes publics, et Dominique Faure, ministre déléguée aux Collectivités territoriales et à la Ruralité.
"Chacun comprend […] qu’il existe un coût associé à la fragmentation de nos politiques publiques et aux multiples temps de coordination qu’elle implique entre les collectivités et l’État. De même existe-t-il un coût certain à la production régulière des nombreux schémas, plans, programmes et documents stratégiques demandés par l’État à toutes les catégories de collectivités. Enfin, tant les financements cumulés et croisés entre l’État et les collectivités que les financements multiples disponibles pour les ménages, les associations et les entreprises génèrent des charges d’instruction souvent redondantes pour l’ensemble des collectivités et pour l’État", écrit Boris Ravignon en introduction de son rapport.
Dans le détail, ce coût concerne l’ensemble des strates de collectivités. Il s’explique principalement par les besoins de coordination entre acteurs territoriaux du fait de l’imbrication des compétences, mais aussi par le coût des financements croisés, source de complexité tant pour les bénéficiaires que pour les collectivités. Il pèse majoritairement sur les collectivités (6 milliards d’euros).
Dans le détail, le coût de l’enchevêtrement est de 4,8 milliards d’euros pour les communes, soit 6,3 % de leurs dépenses réelles de fonctionnement et 11,7 % de leurs dépenses de personnel, 695,7 millions d’euros pour les intercommunalités, soit 2,4 % de leurs dépenses réelles de fonctionnement et 6,2 % de leurs dépenses de personnel, 355 millions d’euros pour les départements, soit 0,6 % de leurs dépenses réelles de fonctionnement et 2,7 % de leurs dépenses de personnel 116,7 millions d’euros pour les régions, soit 0,6 % de leurs dépenses réelles de fonctionnement et 2,6 % de leurs dépenses de personnel.
Pour l’État, le coût de 1,5 milliard d’euros est lié pour plus de 80 % à la seule gestion financière locale, hors fiscalité, relevant des directions départementales des finances publiques (DDFiP). "Cette évaluation reste un ordre de grandeur, et sans doute un minimum, étant entendu que les opérateurs" de l’État n’ont pas été inclus dans le calcul, souligne le rapport. Parmi les compétences dont le partage coûte le plus cher, le rapport évoque l’enseignement (1,2 milliard d’euros), l’urbanisme (819,5 millions) et la voirie (566 millions).
"Ces coûts de coordination ne peuvent pas être tous supprimés car la coordination entre les acteurs des territoires est nécessaire, mais ils peuvent être diminués. Cet objectif requiert notre mobilisation collective, Etat et collectivités ", indique-t-on au ministère de l’Economie et des Finances.
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