Macro-économie / Taux
Macro-économie / Taux
Climat : l'objectif de financement des pays en développement largement atteint / En 2022, les pays développés ont réussi à rassembler 115,9 milliards de dollars
Le rapport "Financement climatique fourni et mobilisé par les pays développés en 2013-2022" publié par l’OCDE met l’accent sur l’augmentation des fonds consacrés à la lutte contre le changement climatique. Pour la première fois, en 2022, l’objectif annuel de 100 milliards de dollars pour financer l'action climatique des pays en développement a été dépassé et celui-ci a déjà atteint le niveau souhaité pour 2025.
Mathias Cormann, secrétaire générale de l’OCDE lors d’une conférence de presse à Paris le 12 septembre 2023 UMIT DONMEZ / ANADOLU AGENCY / ANADOLU VIA AFP
Le financement de l’action climatique destiné aux pays en développement apporte de bonnes nouvelles. Le secrétaire général de l'OCDE, Mathias Cormann, a annoncé que les pays développés avaient dépassé de plus de 15% leur engagement annuel avec une aide pour le climat qui s'élève à 115,9 milliards de dollars. Cet objectif avait été défini en 2009 dans le cadre de la Convention-cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC).
Les fonds à destination de la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique ont augmenté de 30% entre 2021 et 2022 avec une somme enregistrée de 26,3 milliards de dollars, indique le rapport.
Vers plus de fonds privés
Ce financement provient majoritairement de fonds de sources publiques, multilatérales ou bilatérales, qui représentent environ 80% du total du montant fourni. Mathias Cormann incite donc les pays développés à "mettre à profit toute action prise pour doper le financement climatique d'origine privée" afin que ceux-ci ne s'arrêtent pas en si bon chemin et voient au-delà de 2025. Cette ambition d'une croissance des financements privés a déjà commencé en 2022, après plusieurs années de stagnation, avec une hausse de 52% de fonds mobilisés par le secteur privé.
Cependant, l'augmentation du financement privé reste toutefois nuancée. En effet, le montant des fonds d’origine privée mobilisés en faveur des pays les moins avancés (PMA) et des petits États insulaires en développement (PEID) reste très limité alors que ceux-ci ont, "proportionnellement, davantage bénéficié des fonds destinés à l’adaptation (environ 50 %) que les pays en développement considérés dans leur ensemble (25 % en moyenne)" d'après l'OCDE. Cela vient donc affirmer le fait que l'attraction de l’investissement privé dans l’action climatique a encore une large marge de progression.
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