Macro-économie / Taux / Eurogroupe
Macro-économie / Taux
Eurogroupe
Réunion de l'Eurogroupe, "une réformette de la zone euro"
"Précaution contre la crise financière – les ministres des finances de la zone euro se mettent d'accord pour un filet de sécurité renforcé", annonce le Spiegel. "Les ministres de l'Eurogroupe se sont réunis à Bruxelles pendant près de 16 heures, mais les résultats sont minces, poursuit le site de l'hebdomadaire. Le tour de table s'est principalement mis d'accord sur les prochaines petites étapes afin de préparer l'union monétaire en vue de nouvelles crises". La Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung rapporte que "si on en croit le ministre des Finances allemand, alors les négociations […] ont été un 'grand moment'. C'est un peu emphatique au vu du maigre résultat".
Selon le Handelsblatt, les Verts allemands estimaient également mardi que les ministres des Finances de l'UE avaient réalisé "plutôt une réformette qu'une réforme". Le quotidien le confirme aussi, estimant pour sa part que "pas grand-chose n'en est sorti : quelques changements sur le fonds de sauvetage européen et pour l'union bancaire, ainsi qu'une perspective très vague d'un petit budget de l'euro en 2021. Pourquoi les ministres des Finances ont passé autant de temps pour ce maigre résultat ?" "Beaucoup de ce que réclamait le président français Emmanuel Macron depuis plus d'un an pour stabiliser la monnaie unique a été définitivement cassé, que ce soit le ministre des Finances de l'UE ou un budget somptueux de la zone euro de plusieurs centaines de milliards", précise Die Welt.
Dans un autre article d'analyse, une éditorialiste du Handelsblatt estime ainsi que "les rêves français d'une union monétaire pleinement intégrée, avec un budget commun, ont volé en éclats. Mais les réformes de la zone euro sont cependant importantes".
Dans un édito, le Spiegel s'intéresse à la responsabilité de la dette, et surtout à "ce que l'Europe peut apprendre des États-Unis". "Dans la zone euro, chaque État est responsable de sa propre dette. Mais l'exemple de l'Italie montre une fois de plus que cette règle est irréaliste. L'Europe nécessite davantage de transfert de compétences, pour obtenir plus de responsabilités". Dans les faits, le site de l'hebdomadaire estime que "le principe de l'exclusion de la responsabilité est depuis longtemps brisé. Il y a un fonds de sauvetage européen, le MES, qui distribue des crédits aux États qui en ont besoin, les Etats-membres versent en fonction de leurs possibilités leur participation. Et par ailleurs, la Banque centrale européenne et les banques nationales ont acheté des titres d'État pour des milliards". "Beaucoup de gens en Allemagne considèrent que c'est une erreur", poursuit le Spiegel. "Ils veulent le moins d'obligations financières possible entre les pays de l'euro". Pourtant, pour le journal, la faillite d'un État serait catastrophique pour les autres. Il conseille de s'inspirer des Américains, qui sont "un pas plus loin" que nous. "Le budget commun de Washington prévoit des transferts fédéraux : principalement les retraites, la santé et l'armée. Cet argent continue à être versé si un État a des difficultés financières en raison d'un surendettement". Et les banques disposent de bons du trésor, au niveau fédéral, afin "d'éviter le chaos", en cas de faillite d'un État. Pour aller dans cette direction, le Spiegel réclame davantage de "démocratisation de l'Europe", afin de permettre "un niveau fédéral qui aurait davantage de possibilités d'agir".
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