Macro-économie / Taux / Tourisme mondial / Organisation mondiale du tourisme
Macro-économie / Taux
Tourisme mondial / Organisation mondiale du tourisme
Le tourisme mondial poursuit sa reprise / Des régions en profitent particulièrement
"Ce début d’année illustre une fois encore la capacité incomparable qu’a le tourisme de rebondir ". Zurab Pololikashvili, secrétaire général de l’Organisation mondiale du tourisme (OMT), n’a pas caché son enthousiasme à l’occasion de la publication du baromètre de l’institution. On y apprend que les arrivées internationales ont atteint, au premier trimestre 2023, 80 % de leur niveau d’avant la pandémie. En outre, il y est indiqué qu’il y a eu 235 millions de touristes internationaux au cours des trois premiers mois 2023, soit plus du double de l’an passé sur la même période.
"En bien des endroits, on est proche, voire au-dessus des niveaux d’arrivées d’avant la pandémie", a déclaré Zurab Pololikashvili. Géographiquement, le Moyen-Orient affiche la plus forte performance. C’est la seule région qui dépasse son niveau d’arrivées de 2019 (+15 %) et la première à renouer avec les chiffres d’avant la pandémie sur un trimestre complet. L’Europe a atteint 90 % de son niveau d’avant la pandémie, grâce à une forte demande intrarégionale.
L’Afrique, quant à elle, a retrouvé 88 % et les Amériques environ 85 % de leurs niveaux de 2019. Enfin, l’Asie-Pacifique s’est redressée avec plus de vigueur, à 54 % de son niveau d’avant la pandémie, mais cette tendance à la hausse devrait s’accélérer maintenant que la plupart des destinations ont rouvert, en particulier la Chine.
Recettes à la fête
En conséquence de quoi, les recettes du tourisme international, ont elle aussi fortement progressé.
Elles ont dépassé les 1 000 milliards de dollars en 2022, soit une "progression de 50 % en valeur réelle par rapport à 2021, grâce à une forte reprise des voyages internationaux". Dans le détail, les dépenses des visiteurs internationaux ont atteint 64 % de leurs niveaux d’avant la pandémie (-36 % par rapport à 2019, mesurées en valeur réelle). Là encore, des disparités existent entre région.
C’est l’Europe qui a eu les meilleurs résultats en 2022, avec près de 550 milliards de dollars de recettes du tourisme (520 milliards d’EUR), soit 87 % des niveaux d’avant la pandémie. L’Afrique a retrouvé 75 % de ses niveaux de recettes d’avant la pandémie, le Moyen-Orient 70 % et les Amériques 68 %. "À cause de la fermeture prolongée des frontières, les destinations asiatiques sont arrivées à environ 28 % pour les recettes", note l’OMT.
Il convient de noter que les résultats du premier trimestre apparaissent en ligne avec le scénario de l’OMT pour l’année : il prévoit que les arrivées internationales retrouveront de 80 % à 95 % de leurs niveaux d’avant la pandémie. "Le groupe d’experts de l’OMT tablait sur de solides résultats pendant la haute saison (mai-août) dans l’hémisphère Nord, ainsi qu’en témoigne le tout dernier indice de confiance de l’OMT, qui porte à croire que la performance pendant cette période a toutes chances d’être encore meilleure qu’en 2022", précise l’organisation basée à Madrid.
Risques
Pour autant les experts de l’organisation sont bien conscients que 2023 recèle de nombreuses difficultés qui pourraient bien venir enrayer cette trajectoire.
Ils estiment que la situation économique demeure le principal facteur pesant sur la reprise. Tandis que l’inflation demeure très élevée de par le monde, "on s’attend à ce que, de plus en plus, les touristes fassent davantage attention au rapport qualité-prix et voyagent plus près de chez eux. L’incertitude provoquée par l’agression de la Fédération de Russie contre l’Ukraine et la montée d’autres tensions géopolitiques continuent aussi de représenter des risques baissiers", indique l’OMT.
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